ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the clinical distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp.isolated from blood culture.Methods Enterococcus spp.isolated from blood culture specimens of hospitalized patients between January 2012 and December 2016 was analyzed,antimicrobial susceptibility testing results were analyzed.Results A total of 139 strains of Enterococcus spp.were isolated,including 78 strains of Enterococcus faecium (E.faecium),60 Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis),and 1 Enterococcus avium (E.avium),accounting for 56.11％,43.17％,and 0.72％ respectively;56.83％ of patients were ＞60 years and 17.27％ were ≤28 days.The main department sources of strains were intensive care unit and neonatal department,accounting for 34.53％ and 18.70％respectively.There was only 1 strain of E.avium,which was isolated from neonatal department.Resistance rates of E.faecium to penicillin,ampicillin,levofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,moxifloxacin,and nitrofurantoin were all higher than E.faecalis(all P＜0.05),while resistance rate to tetracycline was lower than E.faecalis(P =0.001).Resistance rates of E.faecium to vancomycin and linezolid were 2.56％ and 6.41％ respectively;resistance rates of E.faecalis to vancomycin and linezolid were 0 and 3.33％ respectively.Conclusion E.faecium and E.faecalis are the main Enterococcus spp.isolated from blood culture,most are isolated from the elderly patients and newborns.Resistance rates of E.faecium to most antimicrobial agents are higher than E.faecalis,resistance rates of E.faecium and E.faecalis to linezolid are both higher than resistance rates to vancomycin,key monitoring needs to be continued.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tramadol hydrochloride with behavioral modification in delaying ejaculation in patients with premature ejaculation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-two potent men with premature ejaculation were equally and randomly assigned to a treatment group and control group, the former received 50 mg tramadol hydrochloride with behavioral modification approximately 2 hours before planned sexual activity, while the latter underwent behavioral therapy only, both treated for 8 weeks. Intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), intercourse satisfaction of the partners, total therapeutic effectiveness, adverse reactions, and hepatic and renal function of the patients were recorded and compared before and after the treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both the treatment and the control groups showed significant differences from pretreatment in the mean IELT and intercourse satisfaction domain values (P < 0.01). The total rate of effectiveness was 72.2% in the treatment group and 47.2% in the control. The former exhibited even more significant improvement than the latter in the mean IELT, intercourse satisfaction domain values and total rate of effectiveness (P < 0.05). Adverse reactions occurred in 10 cases (27.8%), and no statistically significant differences were found in hepatic and renal function before and after treatment (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tramadol hydrochloride with behavioral modification showed positive effects in prolonging IELT and improving partners' intercourse satisfaction. Yet more multicenter and double-blind studies are required to evaluate its efficacy and safety as a routine therapy for premature ejaculation.</p>